Author: Katie Carone

Snacking is often looked on negatively, but it is not a bad thing. In fact, snacking can actually help you better control your appetite and weight.

When you allow yourself to become too hungry in between meals, you often overeat at your next meal. Eating small, healthy snacks between meals can keep you from getting overly hunger.

If you have a hard time making it from lunch to dinner, plan in an afternoon snack. A good example of a snack might be a low-fat yogurt, dried or fresh fruit, nuts, trail mix, or a granola bar.

Is there such a thing as too much exercise? Yes!

Repeatedly performing the same exercises too often or training at high intensities with few rest days can lead to over training.

While some people think the more the merrier, excessive exercise can actually lead to decreased performance and muscle injury rather than increased strength and stamina. Other symptoms include exhaustion, prolonged recovery times, poor coordination, headaches, disturbed sleep patterns, agitation, and depression.

We know that exercise makes our bodies stronger, but our minds?

That’s right! Research has shown that exercise can improve cognitive function. This includes increased learning, improved memory, faster reaction times, and improved ability to establish schedules and switch between tasks, or multitask.

Not only does exercise improve brain function, but it has also been shown to combat against cognitive decline, or aging of the brain.

The Principle of Specificity maintains that if you want to see specific results, you should perform exercises that are specific to those results.

For example, if you want to increase your bicep strength, you should perform bicep exercises. If you want to run a 5K race, you should train by running. If you want to improve in a specific sport, you should perform exercises that are specific to that sport.

This principle, though simple, is important to keep in mind if there are specific results you want to see from your workouts.

The Principle of Individuality maintains that no two individuals will benefit from exercise exactly the same way physically or psychologically. Differences in genetics, age, experience, body size, and health status can all affect the outcomes of a workout.

Keeping this in mind can be important when training with a buddy or a group. Don’t fret if you don’t see the same results at the same time as others.

Flexibility is an often neglected component of physical fitness; yet, it is important to maintain proper posture, prevent injury, and reduce muscle soreness and tension.

Stretching is an ideal way to improve flexibility. The best time to stretch is at the end of a workout, when one’s muscles are warm and more pliable.

The American Council on Exercise recommends stretching for 30 minutes 3 times per week to improve and maintain flexibility, or stretching a minimum of 5-10 minutes at the end of every exercise session.

Strength or Resistance Training is any type of exercise in which your muscles are working against a force. Examples include using free weights, weight machines, a resistance band, or even gravity.

Strength training should ideally be done 2-4 days per week–allowing for a 48 hour rest period before working the same muscle groups again.

A typical strength training program involves performing 10-15 repetitions in 2-3 sets, with a few minutes rest in between sets. However, any amount of resistance training can be beneficial.

Cross training is simply the idea of performing a variety of exercises to work different muscle groups in different ways. An ideal cross-training program involves various aerobic, strength, and flexibility training exercises.

For an athlete, cross training can help one improve in his sport, as well as maintain muscle balance and flexibility.
For example, a runner mainly performs cardiovascular activity using his legs. The following are examples of cross training activities helpful for runners.

1. Stretching regularly is important to maintain flexibility and prevent injury.

2. Strength training of the legs can increase speed and power. Upper body strength training is also important so the upper body muscles are not neglected.

3. Other cardio activities, such as biking, can be good cross training activities. Although biking also focuses on the legs, it uses the muscles differently and with less impact.

The more you do the same exercises, the better your body will be able to perform them and the less work it will take. In order to continually improve your fitness level, it is important to consider the principle of overload.

Overload is the idea of continually increasing one element of your workout, such as time, intensity, or resistance.

Here are two examples:

1. If you walk one mile at the same pace every day, your body will become used to that exercise over time. In order to progress, try increasing your speed, distance, or adding light ankle or hand weights.

2. If you start a resistance program doing bicep curls with 5 lb weights, it may initially be difficult. However, once it becomes easier, it is time to increase your weight, sets, or repetitions.

The cool down has vital physiological functions. When your heart rate is increased from exercise and you suddenly stop your activity, the blood flow rapidly decreases, which can cause blood to pool in your feet.

Since blood carries oxygen to your brain, heart, and muscles, it is vital to decrease your exercise intensity slowly and keep the blood flowing evenly.

The cool down also allows your muscles to cool down slowly. Without a cool down period, muscles may cool down rapidly and tighten up. This can lead to muscle stiffness and soreness.

To properly cool down, decrease to a light intensity level until your breathing and heart rate have slowed. The cool down is also an excellent time to stretch.